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Ariel S.
Bentolila
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Trade Secret |
Copyright |
Trademark |
Design Patent |
Utility Patent |
What is protected? |
Know-how |
Original expression of an idea |
Customer's notion of your good or service's source. |
Visible appearance |
Products, processes, compositions, functions |
| Typical things protected | how to make Coca-cola, hidden high-tech methods, & etc. | written material: computer programs, books, plays, poems; art: sculptures, paintings, photographs, etc. | names, logos, internet domain names, designs, & etc. | unique shape/styling of articles like product packaging, figurines, etc. | tools, devices, machines, computer programs, games, processes, formulas, internet, electronic, chemical and business methods etc. |
What are others prohibited from doing? |
Unauthorized use or dissemination by someone who has been let in on the secret. |
Copying the expression |
Confusing the consumer. |
Making something looking the same or similar.. |
|
How is the right established? |
Use in trade |
Authorship |
Use in trade |
||
What is needed to get protection? |
Know-how must be well defined, not publicly known, and protected. |
Tangible use of the expression. |
Mark must distinctive, and not confusingly similar to another. |
Visible appearance must be new and not obvious. |
Invention must be new, useful and not obvious, and you must teach how to make and use it. |
| Geographic coverage | country of origin or by other countries by treaty | Worldwide | Country filed in | Country filed in | Country filed in, or worldwide if PCT filing |
What is the duration of protection? |
Until disclosed to the public. |
life of author plus 50 years |
10 years, or as long as it is in use. |
14 years (US) from grant |
At most 20 years from filing. |
The difference between patents, copyrights, and trademarks can be confusing sometimes. Although there may be some similarities among these kinds of intellectual property (IP) protection, they are different and serve very different purposes.
A patent for an invention is the grant of a property right to the inventor, issued by the Patent and Trademark Office. The term of a new patent is 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, in special cases, from the date an earlier related application was filed, subject to the payment of maintenance fees. US patent grants are effective only within the US, US territories, and US possessions.
The right conferred by the patent grant is, in the language of the statute and of the grant itself, "the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling" the invention in the United States or "importing" the invention into the United States. What is granted is not the right to make, use, offer for sale, sell or import, but the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing the invention.
A trademark is a word, name, symbol or device which is used in trade with goods to indicate the source of the goods and to distinguish them from the goods of others. A servicemark is the same as a trademark except that it identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than a product. The terms "trademark" and "mark" are commonly used to refer to both trademarks and servicemarks.
Trademark rights may be used to prevent others from using a confusingly similar mark, but not to prevent others from making the same goods or from selling the same goods or services under a clearly different mark. Trademarks which are used in interstate or foreign commerce may be registered with the Patent and Trademark Office. The registration procedure for trademarks and general information concerning trademarks is described in a separate pamphlet entitled "Basic Facts about Trademarks".
Copyright is a form of protection provided to the authors of "original works of authorship" including literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, and certain other intellectual works, both published and unpublished. The 1976 Copyright Act generally gives the owner of copyright the exclusive right to reproduce the copyrighted work, to prepare derivative works, to distribute copies or phono records of the copyrighted work, to perform the copyrighted work publicly, or to display the copyrighted work publicly.
The copyright protects the form of expression rather than the subject matter of the writing. For example, a description of a machine could be copyrighted, but this would only prevent others from copying the description; it would not prevent others from writing a description of their own or from making and using the machine. Copyrights are registered by the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress.
In the United States, a practitioner may either be a patent attorney or patent agent. Both patent attorneys and patent agents have the same license to practice and represent clients before the US Patent Office, part of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Both patent agents and patent attorneys may prepare, file, and prosecute patent applications. Patent agents and patent attorneys may also provide patentability opinions, as noted by the U.S. Supreme Court in Sperry v. Florida. The only areas were patent agents do not practice are in litigation and trademark related work. The United States Patent and Trademark Office Rules of Ethics and Professionalism, effective as of September 15, 2008, specifically clarifies that patent agents may not provide an "opinion of validity of another party's patent when the client is contemplating litigation and not seeking reexamination" because such activity "could not be reasonably necessary and incident to the preparation and prosecution" of a client's patent.
Nearly all inventors employ the services of registered patent attorneys or patent agents to prepare and file there patent application. Patent attorneys must also be admitted to the practice of law in at least one state or territory of the U.S. The law gives the Patent and Trademark Office the power to make rules and regulations governing conduct and the recognition of patent attorneys and agents to practice before the Patent and Trademark Office. Persons who are not recognized by the Patent and Trademark Office for this practice are not permitted by law to represent inventors before the Patent and Trademark Office. The Patent and Trademark Office maintains a register of attorneys and agents. To be admitted to this register, a person must comply with the regulations prescribed by the Office, which require a showing that the person is of good moral character and of good repute and that he/she has the legal, and scientific and technical qualifications necessary to render applicants for patents a valuable service. Certain of these qualifications must be demonstrated by the passing of an examination. Those admitted to the examination must have a college degree in engineering or physical science or the equivalent of such a degree.
The Patent and Trademark Office registers both attorneys at law and persons who are not attorneys at law. The former persons are now referred to as “patent attorneys” and the latter persons are referred to as “patent agents.” Insofar as the work of preparing an application for a patent and conducting the prosecution in the Patent and Trademark Office is concerned, patent agents are usually just as well qualified as patent attorneys, although patent agents cannot conduct patent litigation in the courts or perform various services which the local jurisdiction considers as practicing law. For example, a patent agent could not draw up a contract relating to a patent, such as an assignment or a license, if the state in which he/she resides considers drafting contracts as practicing law.
Both Patent Attorneys and Patent Agents are required to have a technical degree (such as engineering, chemistry or physics) and must take and pass the United States Patent and Trademark Office registration examination (officially titled Examination for Registration to Practice in Patent Cases Before the United States Patent and Trademark Office). Since patent attorneys are admitted to practice law in a state or territory, they can additionally provide legal services outside the Patent Office if practicing within the jurisdiction they are admitted to practice or if the law of the jurisdiction otherwise permits them to practice although not admitted in that jurisdiction. These legal services include advising a client on matters relating to the licensing of the invention; whether to appeal a decision by the Patent Office to a court; whether to sue for infringement; whether someone is infringing upon the claims of a client's issued patent; and conversely, whether a client is infringing the claims of someone else's issued patent. Patent agents cannot provide legal services of this nature, nor can they represent clients before the Trademark Office part of the USPTO.
To register as a patent agent or patent attorney, one must pass the United States Patent and Trademark Office registration examination. This exam, commonly referred to as the "patent bar," is extremely difficult to pass- having a typical failure rate of about 80% over the past 10 years. The patent bar exam tests a candidate's knowledge of patent law and United States Patent and Trademark Office policies and procedures as set forth in the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP). Upon successful completion of the examination, one will be labeled as a "patent attorney" if he/she has already been admitted to a state or territorial bar. However, engineers, scientists and any other science based majors, as well as law students and law graduates who are not admitted to a bar, will be labeled as "patent agents" since they cannot represent clients in a court of law (e.g., in a infringement litigation case). Applicants who are not United States citizens and do not reside in the U.S. are not eligible for registration except as permitted by 37 CFR § 11.6(c). None of the world's countries, except Canada reciprocates, giving U.S. citizens the right that the U.S. grants to their citizens
A candidate patent agent or attorney must also have an adequate scientific and technical background or education to understand a client's invention. The educational requirement can be met by a bachelor's degree in a specifically enumerated major, such as biology, computer science, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, physics, and biomedical, chemical, civil, electrical or mechanical engineering. Degrees in the social sciences, mathematics, or philosophy by themselves do not meet this requirement.
A patent attorney or patent agent candidate must also possess "good moral character and reputation" (37 CFR 11.7). If practicing outside the United States, a patent agent or patent attorney must be a U.S. citizen.
The preparation of an application for patent and the conducting of the proceedings in the Patent and Trademark Office to obtain the patent is an undertaking requiring the knowledge of patent law and rules and Patent and Trademark Office practice and procedures, as well as knowledge of the scientific or technical matters involved in the particular invention.
While the US Patent Office allows inventors to prepare their own applications and file them in the Patent and Trademark Office and conduct the proceedings themselves, without sophisticated legal training, they may get into considerable difficulty and the result is often an unenforceable or invalid patent.
You should be careful in choosing who does your patent application because some individuals and organizations that are not registered to do patent work advertise their services in the fields of patent searching and invention marketing and development. Such individuals and organizations cannot represent inventors before the Patent and Trademark Office. They are not subject to Patent and Trademark Office discipline, and the Patent Office does not assist inventors in dealing with them.
The Patent and Trademark Office does not recommend any particular attorney or agent, or aid in the selection of an attorney or agent, as by stating, in response to inquiry that a named patent attorney, agent, or firm, is “reliable” or “capable.” The Patent and Trademark Office publishes a directory of all registered patent attorneys and agents who have indicated their availability to accept new clients, arranged by states, cities, and foreign countries. The Directory is also available on the PTO Web site.
In employing a patent attorney or agent, the inventor executes a power of attorney or authorization of agent which must be filed in the Patent and Trademark Office and is usually a part of the application papers. When an attorney or agent has been appointed, the Office does not communicate with the inventor directly but conducts the correspondence with the attorney or agent since he/she is acting for the inventor thereafter although the inventor is free to contact the Patent and Trademark Office concerning the status of his/her application. The inventor may remove the attorney or agent by revoking the power of attorney or authorization of agent.
Generally, the Patent and Trademark Office has the power to disbar, or suspend from practicing before it, persons guilty of gross misconduct, etc., but this can only be done after a full hearing with the presentation of clear and convincing evidence concerning the misconduct. The Patent and Trademark Office will receive and, in appropriate cases, act upon complaints against attorneys and agents.
All registered patent practitioners are bound by the duty to preserve privileged information in confidence. This duty is an ethical "Cannon," or pillar, of conduct under penalty of strict disciplinary rules. The relevant sections of Title 37 - Code of Federal Regulations Patents (Aug. 2001) are cited below for you review.
§ 10.20 Canons and Disciplinary Rules.
(a) Canons are set out in §§ 10.21, 10.30, 10.46, 10.56, 10.61, 10.76, 10.83, 10.100, and 10.110. Canons are statements of axiomatic norms, expressing in general terms the standards of professional conduct expected of practitioners in their relationships with the public, with the legal system, and with the legal profession.
(b) Disciplinary Rules are set out in §§ 10.22- 10.24, 10.31-10.40, 10.47-10.57, 10.62-10.68, 10.77, 10.78, 10.84, 10.85, 10.87-10.89, 10.92, 10.93, 10.101-10.103, 10.111, and 10.112. Disciplinary Rules are mandatory in character and state the minimum level of conduct below which no practitioner can fall without being subjected to disciplinary action.
§ 10.56 Canon 4.
A practitioner should preserve the confidences and secrets of a client.
§ 10.57 Preservation of confidences and secrets of
a client.
(a) "Confidence" refers to information protected by the attorney-client or agent-client privilege under applicable law. "Secret" refers to other information gained in the professional relationship that the client has requested be held inviolate or the disclosure of which would be embarrassing or would be likely to be detrimental to the client.
(b) Except when permitted under paragraph (c) of this section, a practitioner shall not knowingly:
(1) Reveal a confidence or secret of a client.
(2) Use a confidence or secret of a client to the disadvantage of the client.
(3) Use a confidence or secret of a client for the advantage of the practitioner or of a third person, unless the client consents after full disclosure.
(c) A practitioner may reveal:
(1) Confidences or secrets with the consent of the client affected but only after a full disclosure to the client.
(2) Confidences or secrets when permitted under Disciplinary Rules or required by law or court order.
(3) The intention of a client to commit a crime and the information necessary to prevent the crime.
(4) Confidences or secrets necessary to establish or collect the practitioner's fee or to defend the practitioner or the practitioner's employees or associates against an accusation of wrongful conduct.
(d) A practitioner shall exercise reasonable care to prevent the practitioner's employees, associates, and others whose services are utilized by the practitioner from disclosing or using confidences or secrets of a client, except that a practitioner may reveal the information allowed by paragraph (c) of this section through an employee.
Patent Attorney or a Patent Agent, which is right for me?
also see: USPTO Patent Attorneys and Patent Agents
We are agnostic between Patent Agents and Attorneys, because we employ both. First of all, it is helpful to understand the main differences between a Patent Attorney and a Patent Agent. From the USPTO's point of view, both have to passed the Patent Bar Exam and if the person is a licensed Attorney in some US State, then she is a Patent Attorney, otherwise a Patent Agent. The Patent Bar Exam is mostly taken by Attorneys, and is extremely difficult to pass. It usually takes two to three tries for most to pass (i.e., pass rates range from 15-35%). Anyone that can pass this grueling exam is licensed to practice in all matters related to patents before the USPTO. Interestingly, there is nothing taught in law school about Patent Practice that would help a law student at all to pass the Patent Bar Exam or to prepare and prosecute patent applications. In this respect, there is little advantage to a Patent Attorney. The main factor that you should consider concerns your practitioner's technical and legal expertise. That is, generally, the more technically knowledgeable your practitioner is, the more accurate your patent will be, and the less time it will take to have him or her understand your invention. In this regard, Patent Agents tend to be far more technically capable than Patent Attorneys. The main reason is because Agents tend to come from a career in industry, and Attorneys tend to come right out of law school no practical technical experience. The final main difference to consider, is that, for reasons beyond the scope of this brief presentation, we, and most patent firms, bill out Patent Attorneys at least twice as much as a Patent Agents.
Regarding which is right for you, the only cases where only a Patent Attorney is an option is if you require patent litigation, patent validity opinion, patent licensing, or trademark application services. Although, few Patent Attorneys have much experience in these areas, the litigation and patent validity opinion experience, if supported by solid patent prosecution experience (a very rare combination), can be helpful in drafting very high value patent applications (e.g., worth $100's of millions like Yahoo!, Amazon one-click, etc.). Even if your patent may not turn out to be the next Amazon, you should still find an affordable practitioner with some experience in patent validity opinion work, as this will usually increase the likelihood that your patent will hold up well in court. That is why it is particularly important to be sure that the practitioner you are considering has worked in an important Patent Law Firm (and not only inside a company), and has worked with validity opinions. It is our experience that, all other things being equal, it is almost always a better over-all value for a small business or independent inventor to work with a Patent Agent over a Patent Attorney as it usually costs half as much for the same work. For our corporate clients, who can better afford the premium, we will often recommend our seasoned attorneys.
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US20070299396(A1) (USPTO link) "Pulsating irrigator apparatus for hygienic cleansing", June 20, 2007.
US20070289634(A1) (USPTO link) "Method and Apparatus for the Sealing of Valves", May 17, 2007.
US20070157393 (A1) (USPTO link) "Adjustable recliner bed",January 3, 2007.
US20070170230 (A1) (USPTO link)" Device and Advertising Method for Popup Packaging", November 12,2006.
US 20070070531(A1) (USPTO link) "Radiant Energy Conversion System", September 21,2006.
US2008001555(A1) (USPTO link) "Steering laser treatment system and method of use",July 12, 2006.
US20060259289(A1) (USPTO link) "Method and system for specifying and developing application systems with dynamic behavior", May 13, 2006.
US 20060236565 (A1) (USPTO link) "Ride-on snow blower", April 22, 2006.
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US 20070226078(A1) (USPTO link) "GUIDING INFO TABS WITH GUIDE SELECTION", March 6, 2006.
7,780,081 (USPTO link) "System and method for security protection, inventory tracking and automated shopping cart checkout",December 17, 2005.
US20070140892 (A1) (USPTO link) "Clean seas ", November, 15, 2005.
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US 20050052015 (A1) (USPTO link) "Waterproof, tear-resistant accordion book with magnetic covers and method of making same", July 19, 2004.
US 20090015229 (A1) (USPTO link) "Bi-directional DC power converter", July 14, 2007.
US 20090004936 (A1) (USPTO link) "Shaped inflatable water sports board", June 28, 2007.
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US 20070299396 (A1) (USPTO link)"Pulsating irrigator apparatus for hygienic cleansing", June 20, 2007.
WO/2007/137211 (USPTO link)"TISSUE SYNTHETIC-BIOMATERIAL HYBRID MEDICAL DEVICES" May 19, 2007.
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US 20080077388 (A1) (USPTOlink)" Electronic multilingual numeric and language learning tool", March 13, 2007.
US20080087671 (USPTOlink) "Device for containment and protection of a liquid handling system", March 6, 2007.
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US 20080073852 (A1) (USPTO link) "Deterministic method and system for determining winners of scratch and win ticket contests and other numeric prize contests", March 6, 2007.
7,378,594 (USPTO link)"Electrical wire connector device with visual connection validation", January 26, 2007.
US 20080182735 (A1) (USPTO link)"Harness apparatus for squatting exercises", January 26, 2007.
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US 20080105016 (A1) (USPTO link) "Tubular radial pin tumbler lock", November 2, 2006.
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US 20060144340 (A1) (USPTO link)"Apparatus for a disposable pet food feeding container" December 21, 2005.
US 20070126238 (A1) (USPTO link) "Apparatus for increasing motor vehicle fuel efficiency", December 7, 2005.
US20070127232(A1) (USPTO link) "Tattletale cap", December 6, 2005.
US20070107283(A1), (USPTO link)" Outdoor signage with enhanced readability in direct sunlight",November 17, 2005.
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US 20050289047 (A1) (USPTO link) "Virtual marketplace for wireless device applications and services with integrated multi-party settlement", June 28, 2004.
US 20050239538 (A1) (USPTO link)"System and method for gambling video games", April 23, 2004.
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US20070089686(A1) (USPTO link) "Rotary nail filing apparatus for animals",October 25, 2005.
US 20060041499(A1) (USPTO link) "Obtaining A Need With Guiding Information And Credit Worthiness Using A Competitive Process",August 22, 2005.
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US 20080056516 (USPTO link) "Compact open baffle speaker system", March 6, 2008
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US 20080084682 (USPTO link) Active Semiconductors International Inc., (Santa Clara, CA) "Microbump function assignment in a buck converter", April 10, 2008
US 20070299396 (USPTO link) Health Solution Medical Products Corporation, (Culver City, CA) "Pulsating irrigator apparatus for hygienic cleansing", December 27, 2007
US 20070285219 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for reinforcing seatbelt usage in automobiles", December 13, 2007
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US 20070156555 (USPTO link) "Systems, methods and programs for determining optimal financial structures and risk exposures", July 5, 2007
US 20070198552 (USPTO link) "System, method, and programs for automatically building audit triggers on database tables", August 23, 2007
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US 20080038981 (USPTO link) "Wicking quick-dry anti-microbial towel", February 14, 2008
US 20070031009 (USPTO link) "Method and system for string-based biometric authentication", February 8, 2007
US 20070289634 (USPTO link) "Method and Apparatus for the Sealing of Valves", December 20, 2007
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US 20070133234 (USPTO link) Active Semiconductors International Inc., (Santa Clara, CA) "System and method for a primary feedback switched mode power supply", June 14, 2007
US 20070080675 (USPTO link) Active Semiconductors International Inc., (Santa Clara, CA) "System and method for near zero light-load supply current in switching regulator", April 12, 2007
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US 20070218960 (USPTO link) "Combined electric iron and audio device", September 20, 2007
US 20070157393 (USPTO link) "Adjustable recliner bed", July 12, 2007
US 20070126238 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for increasing motor vehicle fuel efficiency", June 7, 2007
US 20070107283 (USPTO link) "Outdoor signage with enhanced readability in direct sunlight", May 17, 2007
US 20070106565 (USPTO link) "Method For Using A Communications Network To Define A Product, And The Ordering Thereof By A Consumer", May 10, 2007
US 2007 7213950 (USPTO link) "Detachable light shade for wall fixture lighting", May 8, 2007
US 20070068114 (USPTO link) "Methods and system to efficiently design and erect buildings", March 29, 2007
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US 20070033258 (USPTO link) "System and method for an email firewall and use thereof", February 8, 2007
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US 2006 7055279 (USPTO link) "Apparatus and method for cleaning paintball guns", June 6, 2006
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US 20060264190 (USPTO link) "System and method for linearizing nonlinear power amplifiers", November 23, 2006
US 20060250007 (USPTO link) "Thigh support device", November 9, 2006
US 20070170230 (USPTO link) "Device and Advertising Method for Popup Packaging", November 12, 2006
US 20060218847 (USPTO link) "Protective fishing hook eye cover", October 5, 2006
US 20060188180 (USPTO link) "Plastic bags with gripping tabs", August 24, 2006
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US 20060042495 (USPTO link) "System and method for zero latency distributed processing of timed pyrotechnic events", March 2, 2006
US 20060183505 (USPTO link) "Digital mobile planner", February 13, 2006
US 20060176524 (USPTO link) "Compact portable document digitizer and organizer with integral display", February 2, 2006
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US 2005 6977341 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for utility outlet control", December 20, 2005
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US 20060251290 (USPTO link) "Method and system for composing a digital signature graphic appearance and specifying a document display location thereof", April 22, 2006
US 20050268377 (USPTO link) "Head restraint device", December 8, 2005
US 20060101124 (USPTO link) "Method and apparatus for mass email transmission", November 7, 2005
US 20050239538 (USPTO link) "System and method for gambling video games"
US 20050240525 (USPTO link) "System and method for product attribute comparison"
US 20060100892 (USPTO link) "System and method for neighborhood affinity based online environments", August 4, 2005
US 20060036410 (USPTO link) "System and method for fabric hand evaluation"
US 20050222862 (USPTO link) "System and method for designing custom jewelry and accessories"
US 20060249423 (USPTO link) "Method and apparatus to identify and separate medicinal preparations and dosages thereof", June 27, 2006
US 20060236565 (USPTO link) "Ride-on snow blower", April 22, 2006
US 20060144340 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for a disposable food feeding container", December 21, 2005
US 20060108060 (USPTO link) "Fusible web applique and fabrication method thereof ", November 17, 2005
US 20060065668 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for single handed can holding", September 14, 2004
US 20050103146 (USPTO link) "Manual transmission shifter"
US 20060144872 (USPTO link) "Device for the portioned dispensing of contained product, and method of use thereof", January 3, 2005
US 20060107818 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for dampening impact vibration in manual tools", November 24, 2004
US 20050062240 (USPTO link) "Snowboard control device"
US 20060131830 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for stabilizing a ", December 20, 2004
US 20050109189 (USPTO link) "Pick for stringed musical instruments"
US 20060092002 (USPTO link) "Apparatus and method for car relocation and parking timer", November 4, 2004
US 20030173945 (705 kb) Genesis Microchip Inc. (Alviso, CA) "Method and apparatus for digital frequency conversion", March 18, 2002
US 20030126305 (640 kb) Sun Microsystems, Inc. (Santa Clara, CA) "Method and apparatus for efficient object sub-typing", December 27, 2001
US 6,538,313 (475 kb) National Semiconductor Corp. (Santa Clara, CA) "IC package with integral substrate capacitor", March 25, 2003
US 6,664,615 (760 kb) National Semiconductor Corp. (Santa Clara, CA) "Method and apparatus for lead-frame based grid array IC packaging", December 16, 2003
US 6,765,298 (500 kb) National Semiconductor Corp. (Santa Clara, CA) "Substrate pads with reduced impedance mismatch and methods to fabricate substrate pads", June 12, 2003
US 6,607,941 (1.5 Mbyte) National Semiconductor Corp. (Santa Clara, CA) "Process and Structure Improvements to Shellcase Style Packaging Technology", January 11, 2002
US 20050178039 (USPTO link) "APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR CLEANING PAINTBALL GUNS"
US 20050184266 (USPTO link) "Apparatus and method for the freeing of seized valves"
US 20050186032 (USPTO link) "Underwater ambient pressure viewing tunnel system"
US 20050230928 (USPTO link) "Power assisted hand truck"
US 20050189284 (USPTO link) "Removable sieve device for a dry food dispenser "
US 20050205180 (USPTO link) "Method and apparatus for three dimensional object covers"
US 20030093792 (USPTO link) "Method and apparatus for delivery of television programs and targeted de-coupled advertising", June 27, 2001
US 20030101451 (2.6 megaByte) "System, method, and software application for targeted advertising via behavioral model clustering, and preference programming based on behavioral model clusters", January 9, 2002
US 20030101449 (2.5 megabyte) "System and method for behavioral model clustering in television usage, targeted advertising via model clustering, and preference programming based on behavioral model clusters", January 9, 2002
US 20030067554 (USPTO link) "System and method for personalized TV", September 24, 2001
US 20030097657 (1.8 Mbyte) "Method and system for delivery of targeted programming", September 14, 2001
US 20060065668 (USPTO link) "Apparatus for single handed can holding", September 14, 2004
US 20060054674 (USPTO link) "Efficient clothing article organizer", September 14, 2004
US 20060042000 (USPTO link) "Efficient water closet", August 30, 2004
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US 6,285,173 (350kB) Texas Instruments Inc. (Dallas, TX) "Method to Switch MOSFETs Using Recycled, Parasitic Energy", September 4, 2001
US 6,310,469 (350kB) Texas Instruments Inc. (Dallas, TX) "System and Method to Detect Synchronous Switching Regulator Light Load", Oct. 30, 2001
US 6,492,793 (850 kB) Texas Instruments Inc. (Dallas, TX) "High efficiency switching DC-DC regulator", December 10, 2002
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